We Are Free, "Qaddafi's Grip Falters as His Forces Take On Protesters", "Libyan rebels let Russian journalists go — RT News", "Rebel Leaders in Libya's Misrata Curb Press Freedoms as Casualties Mount", "BBC Crew Beaten and Given Mock Executions", "Killing of Al Jazeera Journalist Condemned", Freed journalists await word on missing driver, reflect on Libyan captivity, "Mohammad Nabbous, face of citizen journalism in Libya, is killed", "Ultranationalist Serbs Organize Pro-Qaddafi Campaign", "Reporting from Libya – Close your window", "No freedom for foreign press at Tripoli's Rixos hotel", "Muammar Gaddafi Using Civilians To Protect Key Sites", "Libyan Rebels Battle Qaddafi's Forces for Control of Cities", "Text of Leader's Speech to Misrata Tribes in Tripoli and its Suburbs 4th Addendum", "Libya's Prosecutor General Says Joins Opposition", "Libya's Ambassadors to India, Arab League Resign in Protest Against Government", "Libyan Ambassador to Belgium, Head of Mission to EU Resigns", "Libyan Ambassador Denounces Gadhafi At U.N", "Libyan embassy cuts ties with Gaddafi, as Australia considers evacuations", "Libyan Ambassadors in France Back Revolt", "Libyan Ambassador to Portugal Quits in Protest", "Ambassaden hissar Libyens frihetsflagga", "Libya's US Ambassador Resigns from 'Dictatorship, In a New Libya, Ex-Loyalists Race to Shed Ties to Qaddafi, "Two Libyan Fighter Pilots Defect, Fly to Malta", "Qaddafi's Hold on Libya Weakens in Protest Wave", "Libya's Crown Prince Says Protesters Will Defy 'Brutal Forces, "Libya's 'Exiled Prince' Urges World Action", "Libyan Crown Prince Urges No-Fly Zone, Air Strikes", "Libyan Crown Prince Speaks to EU Parliament", "Libia, principe Idris: "Gheddafi assecondi popolo o il Paese finirà in fiamme, "Who Is Moammer Gadhafi? [83][84][85], By the end of Gaddafi's 42-year rule, Libya's population had a per capita income of $14,000, though a third was estimated to still live below the national poverty line. Watch Queue Queue Guerre en Libye : la chronologie des ... ainsi que trois petits-enfants du dirigeant libyen. [375], Fleeing the violence of Tripoli by road, as many as 4,000 refugees were crossing the Libya–Tunisia border daily during the first days of the uprising. Local militias and Revolutionary Committees across the country were also kept well-armed. [77][78] While he was popularly seen as a demagogue in the West, Gaddafi always portrayed himself as a statesman-philosopher. No money. [33] The war led to the death of Gaddafi in October, and of thousands of other people. The regime of Muammar al-Qaddafi, however, violently resisted the uprising, leading to civil war and international military intervention. [87] Child marriage was banned, and women enjoyed equality of equal pay for equal work, equal rights in divorce and access to higher education rose from 8% in 1966 to 43% in 1996, equal to that of men. ", "Violent Repression of Protests Rocks Libya, Bahrain, Yemen", "Bahrain in Crisis and Middle East Protests – Live Blog", "Libyans Protest over Delayed Subsidized Housing Units", "Libya Protest over Housing Enters Its Third Day", "Muammar Gaddafi Condemns Tunisia Uprising", "Libyan Writer Detained Following Protest Call", "Arab Spring domino effect: Gaddafi is gone, will Syria's al-Assad be the next Arab autocrat toppled? [188], In a 17 March 2011 interview, shortly before the military intervention, Muammar Gaddafi's son and heir apparent Saif al-Islam Gaddafi said that "armed militia" fighters in Benghazi were killing children and terrorizing the population. "[76] He abolished the Libyan Constitution of 1951, considering it a neocolonial document. [328] When China and Russia had abandoned their support of Gaddafi, a spokesman of the NTC of Libya said because of their long time support of Gaddafi, it will be very hard for a Chinese, Russian or Indian oil companies to acquire new exploration contracts.[329]. Gaddafi acknowledged that the scheme, which promised up to 30,000 Libyan dinars ($23,000) annually to about a million of Libya's poorest, may "cause chaos before it brought about prosperity," but said "do not be afraid to experiment with a new form of government" and that "this plan is to offer a better future for Libya's children". "[144], On the night of 16th of February in Beyida, Zawiya and Zintan, hundreds of protesters in each town calling for an end to the Gaddafi government set fire to police and security buildings. [166], The rebels primarily included civilians, such as teachers, students, lawyers, and oil workers, but also defected police officers and professional soldiers. 03/19/2019 12:04 AM EDT. They took Tripoli in August. [365] The conditions under which such support may be accepted are outlined in the Guidelines on the Use of Military and Civil Defence Assets to Support United Nations Humanitarian Activities in Complex Emergencies (MCDA), whereby military support can be used but only temporarily and as a last resort. [306] On 9 June 2011, some negotiators from NTC arrived in Beijing to have negotiations with the Chinese government. "[218] The Qatari banks involved in talks with delegates from the National Transitional Council were Qatar Islamic Bank and Qatar National Bank. [218], Qatar also provided training to fighters based both in eastern Libya and in the Nafusa Mountains, in the Tripoli area. Mustafa Abdul Jalil[18] "[183], He called himself a "warrior", and vowed to fight on and die a "martyr", and urged his supporters to leave their homes and attack rebels "in their lairs". [333], Bani Walid was captured by local tribal fighters on 23 January, due to the NTC's perceived inability to cooperate with them. We will not permit that at all, and we call on Libyans to voice their issues through existing channels, even if it is to call for the downfall of the government. ", "Qaddafi Survival Means Weak Army, Co-Opted Tribes", "Gadhafi's Military Muscle Concentrated In Elite Units", "Video Libyan Leader Muammar Gaddafi's Forces Facing Modern Firepower From RAF", 'Libya's national assembly elects former diplomat as prime minister,', 'An Erratic Leader, Brutal and Defiant to the End,', 'Libya crisis: what role do tribal loyalties play?,', "Uprisings in the Region and Ignored Indicators", "Corruption Perceptions Index 2010 Results", "Libya's Jobless Rate at 20.7 Percent: Report", "Dispatch from Libya: Why Benghazi Rebelled", "Lesson from Libya: Despotism, Poverty and Risk", "Shady Dealings Helped Qaddafi Build Fortune and Regime", "Hoard of Cash Lets Qaddafi Extend Fight Against Rebels", "Libya's Gaddafi tells govt to hand out oil money", Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, "Gaddafi threatens to abolish government ministries", "Libyan congresses delay Gaddafi's oil shareout plan", "Freedom of the Press 2009 – Table of Global Press Freedom Rankings", "Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Libyan Arab Jamahiriya", "U.N. Human Rights Council resolution: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (2010)", "Libya and the U.S.: Qadhafi Unrepentant", "Al-Qadhafi Suggests Libyan Elections May Be In The Offing", "What now for Colonel Gadaffi's Green Book? The conflict grew as thousands of people joined the protests. On 19 March 2011, exactly eight years later to the day, it was the French president’s turn to rain down bombs over Libya, once again claiming it was to bring democracy. The British aid agency "Save the children" said it got reports that children were raped by unknown perpetrators, but warned that these reports could not be confirmed. He also blamed alcohol. Malian government officials told BBC that it is hard to stop the flow of fighters from Mali to Libya. Rebels took the city of Ghadames near the borders of Tunisia and Algeria on 29 August. The First Libyan Civil War was an armed conflict in 2011 in the North African country of Libya fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and foreign supported groups seeking to oust his government. [125][126] By 27 January, the government had responded to the housing unrest with an over €20 billion investment fund to provide housing and development. When their young son is diagnosed with a brain tumor, young parents Roméo and Juliette unite in the fight for his survival. Libyan authorities also argued that no one in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya suffered from extreme poverty and hunger, and that the government guaranteed a minimum of food and essential needs to people with low incomes. [286][383] The Zuwayya tribe, based in eastern Libya, threatened to cut off oil exports from fields in its part of Libya if Libyan security forces continued attacking demonstrators. He stated, "You know, the armoured militia yesterday, they killed four young boys in Benghazi. It took Predator drones about three weeks from the start of NATO’s war against Moammar Gadhafi to arrive in the skies over Libya. A number of senior military officials defected to the opposition, including General Abdul Fatah Younis, General al-Barani Ashkal,[267] Major General Suleiman Mahmoud, Brigadier General Musa'ed Ghaidan Al Mansouri, Brigadier General Hassan Ibrahim Al Qarawi and Brigadier General Dawood Issa Al Qafsi. Despite the defeat of Gaddafi's loyalists, the capture of his last cities and Gaddafi's death, Saif al-Islam, Gaddafi's son and successor, remained hiding in the southern region of Libya until his capture in mid-November. Amnesty International initially reported that writers, intellectuals and other prominent opposition sympathizers disappeared during the early days of the conflict in Gaddafi-controlled cities, and that they may have been subjected to torture or execution. [142][145], A "Day of Rage" in Libya and by Libyans in exile was planned for 17 February. The Battle of Misrata was the fiercest battle in the civil war. [223] A recruitment center for Malian soldiers leaving to Libya was found in a Bamako hotel. [127][128], In late January, Jamal al-Hajji, a writer, political commentator and accountant, "call[ed] on the Internet for demonstrations to be held in support of greater freedoms in Libya" inspired by the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions. [119] During the early 1980s, the Revolutionary Committees had considerable power and became a growing source of tension within the Jamihiriya,[120] to the extent that Gaddafi sometimes criticized their effectiveness and excessive repression,[119][120] until the power of the Revolutionary Committees was eventually restricted in the late 1980s. [172] NATO's Supreme Allied Commander James G. Stavridis stated that intelligence reports suggested there were "flickers" of al-Qaeda activity among rebels, but that there was insufficient information to confirm a significant presence of terrorist groups. [219] Advertisements seeking mercenaries were seen in Nigeria[219] with at least one female Nigerian pro-Gaddafi sniper being caught in late August outside Tripoli. Some young protestors were also misled. See, e.g., Kolb, Robert and Hyde, Richard. [62], The validity of the rape allegations is questioned by Amnesty International, which has not found evidence to back up the claims and said that there are indications that on several occasions the rebels in Benghazi appeared to have knowingly made false claims or manufactured evidence. In 2006, an initiative was adopted for providing people with low incomes investment portfolios amounting to $30,000 to be deposited with banks and companies. The staff of a number of diplomatic missions of Libya have either resigned or condemned the actions of the Gaddafi government. [140] Foreign workers and disgruntled minorities protested in the main square of Zawiya, Libya against the local administration. [378] By 3 March, an estimated 200,000 refugees had fled Libya to either Tunisia or Egypt. By this time, over 300 to 2,000 were dead and over 5,000 were injured. They're killing people in cold blood". "[372], It was also reported that some African women had said rebels were raping them in refugee camps, with additional reports of forced labour. Capture de Kadhafi du 15 février jusqu'au 23 octobre 15 février 2011: Octobre 2011 Rebelles Libyens LA MORT DE KADHAFI SURVIENT LE 20 OCTOBRE alors qu’il tentait de prendre la fuite de Syrte par voiture, il est bombardé par l’OTAN.
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