3. ensemble de végétaux plantés; champ ou terrain planté. n. A dwelling on a farm. A.− Personne qui n'est pas de condition libre et se trouve sous la dépendance absolue d'un maître dont elle est la propriété. a person held in servitude as the chattel of another; one that is completely subservient to a dominating influence… See the full definition Plantation definition: A plantation is a large piece of land, especially in a tropical country, where crops such... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples This was the background from which emerged various forms of identity reconstruction. The distant descendants of Madame Desbassayns were forced to give up their estates, which were merged together to form a far larger unit, even though some arrangements were made enabling them to retain their way of life by living in houses they no longer owned. Ce commerce maritime mondial a transformé petit à petit toutes les sociétés qu'il touchait. Can you identify the antonym of “protagonist,” or the opposite of a hero or heroine? See the full definition for plantation in the English Language Learners Dictionary. Meaning of Plantation. Mississippi was “probably the worst, because of its plantation aristocracy.”. dependencies. First recorded in 1400–50; late Middle English, Dictionary.com Unabridged Qu'est-ce qu'une plantation ? - L’esclavage et l’économie de plantation. The development of the plantation and the related infrastructure in the island’s provinces, therefore, is relatively more advanced than those in other parts of Indonesia. La difficulté à comparer le phénomène de l’esclavage entre les civilisations musulmane et occidentale, c’est que, dans l’histoire de cette dernière, le statut des esclaves a fluctué à travers les époques et ne constitue pas un phénomène unique. 2. Definition of plantation noun in Oxford Advanced American Dictionary. Definition of esclavage in the Definitions.net dictionary. From the start also, one question appeared essential: did these images reflect the social structure of Reunion island as being, like in the West Indies and other tropical territories, that of a ‘plantation society’? Thus, the relationship between sugarcane/plantation/slavery developed on the basis of an economic logic that was part of a long history. The plantation society was solidly in the hands of a dynamic social group of people who set themselves up as the spokespersons of the economic life of the island, thanks to the support of carefully-chosen members of the local government bodies. A slave was considered by law as property, or chattel, and was deprived of most of the rights ordinarily held by free persons. Sugar was brought to the west by Arab merchants as a luxury product. Place: Saint-Paul – Place de l’appel du 18 juin Date: 2012 Artist: Nelson Boyer Sculpture Stone Lhis sculpture commemorating resistance to slavery was inaugurated on 15th April, 2012, in memory of the only major slave revolt on Bourbon Island which took place one hundred years before. -Compétences travaillées et domaines du socle commun de connaissances, de compétences, et de culture :-Tâche complexe. There still remain networks linking family members of plantation owners, the urban economic elite and members of the professions. Unlike tobacco or coffee, sugar cane presents growers with an imperative: the cane must be processed to produce sugar in the short term, meaning that it does not really lend itself to small-scale production, as it necessitates achieving a minimum volume to make it economically viable. ‘The plantation produces both conifers and deciduous trees for the Christmas tree and landscape markets.’ ‘You can see tree plantations all over the place with small agricultural strips of land and a few houses.’ ‘Between banana plantations however are large areas unsuited for their cultivation.’ From the start, Reunion Island would seem to such travellers to be very close to what they might have known and studied in other plantation territories, such as Martinique, Marie-Galante and Guadeloupe. Pino - logical board game which is based on tactics and strategy. This structure gives even more focus to any observation carried out. 3 Les abandons d’enfants 3. Com. Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012. a large farm or estate in a tropical or semitropical zone, for the cultivation of cotton, tobacco, coffee, sugarcane, etc., typically by enslaved, unpaid, or low-wage resident laborers. This link then grew with the development of what was called the ‘plantation society’, taking on racial connotations, since slaves and masters had different origins. [Reunion Island – Saint-Louis : aerial view of the Gol sugar factory and distillery.Jean Legros. This is the society we should try to understand, both its structure and its mechanisms, from the history that has created it to the internal and external relations that have shaped it. Photograph.Jean Legros (1920-2004) private fund. de 9h30 à 12h30 et de 13h30 à 17h30. 1. exploitation agricole de produits tropicaux. First of all, for far longer than the West Indies, Reunion island was a plantation society that remained external to the sugarcane trade and its consequences. Marcel Retrouvez la leçon et de nombreuses autres ressources sur la page Grand commerce, traites et esclavage au XVIIIᵉ siecle What does Plantation mean? The game develops imagination, concentration, teaches how to solve tasks, plan their own actions and of course to think logically. Most people chose this as the best definition of esclavage: A type of chain or bead n... See the dictionary meaning, pronunciation, and sentence examples. Thus, the plantation society appears as a restrictive framework that crumbled away, but would it be the breeding ground for a certain disarray, experienced by the many social ‘outcasts’, or would it herald a better-balanced and more harmonious future for those that were dominated, as well as structured, by this society? L'exploitation est souvent conduite e… déserter les plantations ou à succomber à des épidémies du fait des conditions de vie trop difficiles. CONSIGNE. Définitions Définitions juridiques. La convention relative à l'esclavage (1926) de la Société des Nations dispose en son article premier que « L'esclavage est l'état ou condition d'un individu sur lequel s'exercent les attributs du droit de propriété ou certains d'entre eux ». slavery définition, signification, ce qu'est slavery: 1. the activity of legally owning other people who are forced to work for or obey you: 2. the…. Colonies, (q.v.) Saint-Gilles-Les-Hauts In a system of marked vertical integration, each member lived with his or her superior, present on the estate itself. After firing that off, he clumsily asked what a plantation mentality is. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. The abolition of slavery was not synonymous with the abolition of plantations, and the agricultural land made available for the settlement of the newly-freed population corresponds to Beckford’s analysis. However, the society of Reunion Island is not simple to analyse. What she declared was virtually an order: “My dearest wish is that this property and the slaves related to it will never fall into a stranger’s hands”. Les esclaves citadines travaillaient comme domestiques, vendeuses, blanchisseuses et couturières. plantation slavery translation in English - French Reverso dictionary, see also 'plankton',plant',plan on',plan', examples, definition, conjugation Les marchandises produites par les esclaves (sucre, café, cacao, coton, tabac…) sont exportées vers l’Europe pour y … 1 Bl. Plantation house synonyms, Plantation house pronunciation, Plantation house translation, English dictionary definition of Plantation house. Sugar-cane production then changed dimensions, taking the form of plantations, far larger than mere individual agricultural holdings, thus introducing the need for a more servile labour force. Plantation definition, a large farm or estate in a tropical or semitropical zone, for the cultivation of cotton, tobacco, coffee, sugarcane, etc., typically by enslaved, unpaid, or low-wage resident laborers. Les esclaves Réduits en esclavage, ils travaillent sous la contrainte, dans des conditions le plus souvent très dures : en moyenne, l’espérance de vie d’un esclave de plantation ne dépasse pas dix ans. Aux frontières de l’islam (1400-1600) La traite d’esclaves au Moyen Âge : la frontière africaine. However, for a long time, the former powers and structures buffered the consequences. All rights reservedAs it was entirely centred on exportation, the plantation system could only resist economic uncertainty by remaining heavily dependent, if not politically, at least economically, on a power that, in the tropical islands, used to be a colonial power. This automatically led to what George Beckford, an analyst specialised in plantation societies, defined as ‘persistent poverty’, an unavoidable form of poverty for the rest of the population for the reason that “everywhere (the plantations) occupy the best land, pushing away farmers to the limits of the mountains, the consequences almost always being a division of the plots and a very low standard of living for the farmers”. When Reunion island became a French department (a process called ‘départementalisation’ in French), the resulting shock-wave led to a restructuring of the society. plantation definition: 1. a large farm, especially in a hot part of the world, on which a particular type of crop is…. Slavery and enslavement are the state and condition of being a slave, who is someone forbidden to quit their service for another person and is treated like property. Other traces, more and more frequently expressed, are defined as intangible heritage. – The existence of agricultural and industrial units centred around sugar production The story of the estate which today has become the Historical Museum of de Villèle in Saint-Gilles-les-Hauts is a perfect example. This ‘earth-chopping machine’ (machine à hacher la terre), as Jean Mas called it, operated until 1785, when the initial property ended up being divided into eight unequal parallel strips. Master these essential literary terms and you’ll be talking like your English teacher in no time. Identified with a location and the family owning it, the estate was the basis underlying the network of family and social relations between the ‘inhabitants’. Présenter un document en HG ; Lire un reportage télévisé; Tour du monde en graphiques; Communiquer pour coopérer; Réaliser un reportage télévisé; Mon identité numérique; Une exposition photo augmentée; FRENCH PRESS; CONTACT; Parcours 5 : La vie dans les plantations. – A legal and political framework that would guarantee the social and economic hegemony of sugar-producers, leading this group to dominate the society, eventually forming an aristocracy (“Sugar makes you noble,” as the saying goes in the West Indies). L'esclave ne coûtait alors que son prix d'achat et le prix de la nourriture qu'il consommait. L’institution de l’esclavage en Afrique musulmane. Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2020, Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition Cette mesure symbolique montre bien que l'esclavage reste ... 23 août 1791 Révolte des esclaves à Haïti Dans la nuit du 22 au 23 août 1791, les esclaves de la colonie française de Saint-Domingue (île d'Haïti dans les Antilles), se soulèvent contre leurs maîtres. They set up a refinery, increased the number of slaves and put their energy into turning the property into an aristocratic estate. Le prix d'un esclave était fonction de son sexe, de son âge, de son état de santé et de sa force physique. (of clothing, furnishings, etc.) Describe 2020 In Just One Word? Located in the ‘Place de l’appel du 18 juin’, … Continue reading "Monument to Slavery" Rappel : - un paragraphe commence par un retrait de deux carreaux. In general this is a remix of chess, checkers and corners. Apart from the purely agricultural work, it also implies an investment in premises, equipment and infrastructures, purposely made for extracting sugar. an estate, esp in tropical countries, where cash crops such as rubber, oil palm, etc, are grown on a large scale, Remembering Civil Rights Heroine Fannie Lou Hamer: 'I'm Sick and Tired of Being Sick and Tired', Donald Sterling’s Insane Attempt at Damage Control Fails Miserably, Can a Senator Stop a Union? (q.v.) To this day, certain family estates remain the foundation of sugar production. Major housing developments and the presence of banking companies have marked Plantation's urban boom. Définition et Explications - Une plantation est une exploitation agricole en monoculture de cultures à forte valeur économique destinées à la vente vers des marchés internationaux. L'esclavage est l'état d'une personne qui se trouve sous la dépendance absolue d'un maître qui a la possibilité de l'utiliser comme un bien matériel. She wished her heirs, generation after generation, to keep the property intact, as a singe unit, and “develop it together and undivided for as long as possible”. Sugar cane was brought to Spanish America very early on (Christopher Columbus’ father-in-law was a sugar-cane producer in the Canary Islands) and directly took inspiration from the Mediterranean model. Large land areas are needed for this type of agriculture. The crops that are grown include cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar cane, opium, sisal, oil seeds, oil palms, fruits, rubber trees and forest trees. Social mobility and permeability, far from fixing in the society a dominant portion of the population, which remained partially open, enabled some members to rise and others to fall. [1950-1960]. Buntoro Rianto Overview of palm oil industry Learn more. Caractéristiques : Être obligé de faire un travail qu’on n’aime pas pour gagner sa vie n’est pas de l’esclavage (il y a bien eu consentement au départ). In 1970, the first vision greeting a traveller arriving, like me, in Reunion Island, was the sugar processing plant of La Mare, surrounded by the sugar cane growing on the vast mountain sides gently sloping up towards the mountains in the background: a breath-taking landscape, both familiar and disconcerting for travellers coming from the Caribbean islands. L'organisation d'une plantation Introduction Depuis le début du XVI° siècle, les navires européens ont traversé les océans et ont établi des nouvelles routes commerciales. Sugar cane originated in New Guinea and its production developed in the south of India, where, for a long time, small family production was preponderant (the word ‘sugar’ comes from the Tamil language). Throughout its progressive modifications, the estate left its mark on the landscape and on the society. Various innovations enabled refinery-owners to process more and more sugar cane, encouraging monoculture at the expense of all other crops. It was the source of control over the society, where, depending on the place and time, relations were marked by authoritarianism and paternalism. The desire expressed by Madame Desbassayns in her testament in November 1845 was long gone! Bob Corker Is Certainly Trying, Bunny Brown and His Sister Sue in the Sunny South, Cotton, Its Progress from the Field to the Needle. 34. So Henry Burns led off on the plantation melody, and the brothers joined in with a will. At the basis of this system were the family ‘estates’ (‘l’habitation’ in French, a word that remains in some forms of the Creole language), a basic unit of exploitation that pre-existed sugar cane. 1 Guerre et razzias 3. Reunion Island has the advantage of being what one could consider an easy ‘object’ to define: since it is far from large, it is possible to approach the entire society without becoming dispersed in the study of vast territories. The Dictionary.com Word Of The Year For 2020 Is …. 2 L’esclavage agricole 4. However, the question seems more complex and deserves to be examined, for different reasons. Meaning of esclavage. Définition (OIT) : tout travail ou service exigé d'un individu sous la menace d'une peine quelconque et pour lequel ledit individu ne s'est pas offert de plein gré. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins How to use plantation in a sentence. Définition; Archives 2015-2018. Due to the delays in applying changes and the inevitably permanent character of certain elements, the accuracy of their predictions was not initially apparent, but departmentalisation brought a slow revolution that would put an end to the plantation system and the society created by this very same system. On appelle planteur, l'exploitant d'une plantation.En France, les cultivateurs de betteraves, pommes de terre, riz, etc. -- Created using Powtoon -- Free sign up at http://www.powtoon.com/youtube/ -- Create animated videos and animated presentations for free. L'esclavage existe depuis l'Antiquité, mais prend son essor au XVIIIe siècle:. N'oubliez pas de donner des indications de lieu (5 pts) 1) Présenter le document (nature, ... le commerce humain et l'esclavage. All rights reservedThis was confirmed at the end of the 19th Century, when the heirs of the structures born from the estates had to contend with the development of sugar factories needing important investments and requiring a new economic policy, totally unknown to most sugar-cane producers. Introduction. We Asked, You Answered. Learn more about the history, legality, and sociology of slavery in this article. Plantation, a usually large estate in a tropical or subtropical region that is cultivated by unskilled or semiskilled labour under central direction. “I think you have more of a plantation mentality than I do,” he said. To trace them, we need to go back well before the birth of the Sugar Islands, exploring a chapter of history that has often been neglected, but which enables us to understand the relationship between a form of production and certain aspects of a specific society, more specifically the link between sugar estates and slavery. The links between slavery and sugar-cane plantations go far back in time. PLANTATIONS. Why Do “Left” And “Right” Mean Liberal And Conservative? L’esclavage De l’antiquité à nos jours Définition Définition : L’esclavage se définit par le fait de priver Un être humain de ses droits Droit de travail , Droit du lieu de résidence , Droit de fonder une famille , Droit de travailler , De le réduire au statut de bien immobilier que l’on peut acheter ou vendre. Download the paper : Transformations foncières et évolution de la plantation, Domaine Panon-Desbassyns The above framework is far too general to be applicable throughout the meanders of history; over the years, each territory, each island, developed it in its own fashion, but the basic structure remained the same. Technical progress and the bold choices of certain company directors, inspired by the example of Mauritius, where plantations had survived the hazards of independence, appeared to ensure a real future for the plantation society. Plantation : définition, synonymes, citations, traduction dans le dictionnaire de la langue française. Plantation definition, a large farm or estate in a tropical or semitropical zone, for the cultivation of cotton, tobacco, coffee, sugarcane, etc., typically by enslaved, unpaid, or low-wage resident laborers. However, we can now appreciate the extent to which changing the rules in a society that used to function thanks to the massive introduction of sugar would lead to the emergence of a new society structure. plantation (n.f.). Apart from this phenomenon of land concentration, over the years, competition between the most efficient structures led many refineries to close down, with ever-increasing concentration and following a momentum where the agro-industrial activity of sugar-cane plantations prefigured the emergence of industrial capitalism. primit.,t. All this was aimed at turning the estate into the perfect example of what most people in Martinique, Reunion island or Mauritius aspired to – generally in vain. Would the first impression of Reunion Island as a ‘plantation society’, on the basis of all the apparent evidence, be an accurate one? Information and translations of esclavage in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. – A technology which, as it evolved, gave more and more importance to capital In Mauritius, this involved the division of plots for the benefit of small-scale growers, who were then forced to continue sugar-cane production, or, as in Reunion island, a system of sharecropping that kept the growers dependent on the landowners. However, after the creation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem following the Crusades, the production of sugar cane was introduced to the Indian Ocean region and to the Mediterranean islands. Ainsi des plantations comme celles produisant du sucre et du rhum dans les Caraïbes et au Brésil , le tabac dans les 13 colonies et le coton dans le sud des États-Unis ont utilisé l' esclavage comme mode dominant de gestion des populations ouvrières. 6 Anne Pérotin-Dumon, après avoir étudié la période révolutionnaire en Guadeloupe14, a changé le regard sur l’esclavage, auparavant essentiellement centré sur les plantations, en étudiant deux villes guadeloupéennes15. plantation slaves definition in the English Cobuild dictionary for learners, plantation slaves meaning explained, see also 'plantain',plankton',planting',plant', English vocabulary A protagonist is the main character of a story, or the lead. La révolte est menée par Boukman, un ... 29 août 1793 Révolte des esclaves marrons à Saint-Domingue ... de la Révolut Carrying out an analysis, even brief, of the evolution of Reunion island society through the history of some of its estates, is an extremely relevant process. The estate, which produced the dominant minority, ruling over the economic life of the island, was not only a production unit, but also a social unit where workers, owners and officials all lived together. Esclave nègre, noir; une esclave chrétienne; vendre comme esclave. Désigne un terrain planté de cultures, en général une grande exploitation, pour plantation forestière, utiliser "forêt plantée". 1 Les archives de plantations ou d’habitations constituent une source de première main : l’historien de l’esclavage Gabriel Debien en avait bien compris tout l’intérêt puisqu’une grande part de son œuvre, novatrice à bien des égards, est fondée sur ses découvertes de fonds privés et les enseignements qu’il put tirer de ces papiers. L'esclavage est la condition de personnes, en général de travailleurs, qui « appartiennent » à quelqu'un (le maître), et qui doivent lui obéir en tout. Une plantation est une exploitation agricole où l'on cultive des plantes à forte valeur économique destinées principalement à la vente sur les marchés internationaux. 2. action ou manière de planter. [1950-1960]. C’est une étape essentielle du commerce triangulaire. A plantation is a large-scale estate, generally centered on a plantation house, meant for farming that specializes in cash crops. A type of chain or bead necklace. While in the West Indies and in Mauritius, the gap between white people and people of other colours was clear, on Reunion Island there were many social and ethnic transitions. Définition académique 2 Histoire 3 La réduction en esclavage 3. L’esclavage et la traite vont tout d’abord entrer dans la définition onusienne avant que le nouveau Code pénal français en 1992 ne créée quatre infractions de crime contre l’humanité. Mostly, however, these elements were interwoven and exchanged within the habitations and integrated into the many facets of the Creole culture (language, arts, family relations, food, etc.). In fact, Columbus suggested in one of his letters that the local populations he had come across could be put to work on the plantations. — (L.-J Blachette & Frédéric-Salvator Zoéga, Nouveau manuel complet du fabricant et du raffineur de sucre… Economic viability requires the refinery to receive a continuous supply of fresh sugar cane adapted to its processing capacities, which encourages the growing of sugar cane at the expense of any other crop. Word in 9 letters. Slavery, condition in which one human being was owned by another. 1 Bl. The dominance of sugar cane as a crop occurred during the 19th Century – relatively late – enabling a greater diversity of production, but also greater flexibility regarding control of the land, less stability for the important landowners who set themselves up as an aristocracy, as well as a separation, at least partial, between social status and origins, as, from very early on, some of the most important plantations also belonged to people of Indian origin. Oil palm plantations are currently concentrated in the Island of Sumatra, and historically are dated back to the Dutch colonial era. plantation \plɑ̃.ta.sjɔ̃\ féminin (Agriculture) Action de planter.Les cannes flèchent au mois d'août, c'est-à-dire, vers le dixième mois de leur plantation ; au moment de la floraison la canne est creuse; aussi se garde-t-on bien de la récolter à cette époque ; […]. L’économie de plantation était une économie basée sur la culture de matières premières tropicales et nécessitait une main d’œuvre importante. PLANTATIONS. suitable for a plantation or for a tropical or semitropical country. S’y rendre. Then came the critical event, leading to the final downfall: in 1946, Reunion Island became a fully-fledged French ‘département’ (equivalent to a county). 107. Consequently, refineries, and later sugar processing plants, tended to take over more and more land and turn to sugar cane, meaning a larger labour force and investment in new and more expensive equipment. Definition of plantation noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. – An abundant, cheap and readily available labour force. Ainsi, dès Louis XIII s'impose légalement le système de recrutement d'une main-d' uvre forcée en Afrique. This led Les Sucreries de Bourbon to focus on trade, tourism and other activities, which turned it into a conglomerate with international activities, removing the word Sucrerie (Refineries) from its title. Un discours abolitionniste : un discours favorable à l’interdiction (l’abolition) de la traite des Noirs et de l’esclavage. L'Abolition de l'Esclavage c'était en 1848 et pourtant en 2018... #EnLibyecestpasfini Facebook : @ShirleySouagnonOfficiel Insta : @shirley_souagnon Twitter : @ShirleySouagnon. Its history has given the island a multitude of facets and left many social layers on its land, its villages and towns, over the years building a structure that has managed to function as a whole, while retaining the signs of its varied profiles.