Other translations. La courbe de température de l'océan Indien équatorial est basée sur l'analyse des alkénones, ... Siani et al. [120] The Lim Canal is a 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) ria of the Pazinčica river. De la mi mai à la mi Octobre, les températures de l'eau sont au dessus de 20 degrés ce qui permet de profiter de belles journées de plage ensoleillées, de plus si le temps change un peu n'hésitez pas à vous promener dans le parc naturel du … Finally, the Montenegrin fisheries production stood at 911 tonnes (897 long tons) in 2006, with only 11 tonnes coming from aquaculture. Following Italian unification, the Kingdom of Italy started an eastward expansion that lasted until the 20th century. Career. ", "Report of the Republic of Slovenia on the implementation of the Agreement in the period 2005–2007", Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds, "Saltpans of Strunjan, Slovenia – proposal", "Microplanktonic and Microbenthic Algal Assemblages in the Coastal Brackish Lake Fiesa and the Dragonja Estuary (Slovenia)", "Vendim për shpalljen "Park Kombëtar" të ekosistemit natyror detar pranë gadishullit të Karaburunit dhe ishullit të Sazanit", "Ecologic risks from crude oil tankers in Croatian part of Adriatic Sea", "Tankerska havarija u Jadranu bez prihoda bi ostavila milijun ljudi", "Environmental disaster warning as oil spill reaches the Po, Italy's biggest river", "Havarija tankera na Hvaru: pijani kormilar vozio, kapetan boravio u – zahodu", "Coastal Town Mayors Protest over Italy's Gas Terminal", "Minister Welcomes Trieste Council Decision against Gas Terminals", "Environmental NGO Labels Trieste Gas Terminal Time Bomb", "Slovenia slams Italy's Trieste LNG plans", "Nevrijeme i Božićni blagdani: smeće u starom Portu", "Made in Italy: Fashion, food, Fiat, pollution", "Kvaliteta zraka u Rijeci: Mlaka, Urinj i Viševac crne točke zagađenja", "The Joint Commission for the protection of the Adriatic Sea and coastal area from pollution", Ministry of Environment and Nature Protection (Croatia), "Addressing Adriatic Hot Spots: A Proposed Adriatic Environmental Program", "Via Egnatia: a journey across the lower Balkans through time", "Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna AD 552 – 754", "Povijesni zemljovidi i granice Hrvatske u Tomislavovo doba", "Hrvatsko-ugarski odnosi od sredinjega vijeka do nagodbe iz 1868. s posebnim osvrtom na pitanja Slavonije", "2 Yugoslav States Vote Independence To Press Demands", "NATO and the UN quarrel in Bosnia as Serbs press on", "The maritime boundaries of the Adriatic Sea", "Prilog za povijest uprave: Komisija za razgraničenje pri Predsjedništvu Vlade Narodne Republike Hrvatske 1945–1946", "Kriza međunarodnih odnosa – studija slučaja: Hrvatska i Slovenija – granica u Istri", "Slovenia backs Croatia border deal in referendum vote", "Croatia and Slovenia submit arbitration agreement to UN", "Talijanski ribari optužuju hrvatsku flotu da im kradu ribu", "Prosvjed zbog prekomjernog izlova srdele", "Potpisan pristupni ugovor: budućnost EU-a i u hrvatskim je rukama", "Kako ispraviti promašaj ribolovne politike? [277] In 2010, the Northern Adriatic seaports of Trieste, Venice, Ravenna, Koper and Rijeka founded the North Adriatic Ports Association to position themselves more favourably in the EU's transport systems. Pesca … The Adriatic Sea sits on the Apulian or Adriatic Microplate, which separated from the African Plate in the Mesozoic era. [162] However, resistance to Roman rule continued sporadically and Rome did not completely consolidate control of the region until Augustus's general Tiberius put down the Great Illyrian Revolt, a bitter struggle waged from 6 to 9 AD. [74] In the Northern Adriatic, the coast of the Gulf of Trieste and western Istria is gradually subsiding, having sunk about 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) in the past two thousand years. The Byzantines established the Exarchate of Ravenna and by 553 AD their viceroy (Exarch) ruled almost the entire Italian peninsula from that city. [236] Following Croatian EU membership, the Adriatic became an internal sea of the EU. The territory was turned back over to France after the Peace of Pressburg in 1805, when the territory in the Po valley became an integral part of the new Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy. [2] In classical antiquity, the sea was known as Mare Adriaticum (Mare Hadriaticum, also sometimes simplified to Adria) or, less frequently, as Mare Superum, "[the] upper sea". In 752 AD the Lombards overthrew the Exarchate, ending the influence of the Byzantine Empire on the western shore of the Adriatic for a few centuries. [198] The 17th century's final territorial changes were caused by the Morean or Sixth Ottoman–Venetian War, when in 1699 Venice slightly enlarged its possessions in Dalmatia. In 568 AD the Lombards invaded northern Italy, and over the course of the next century or so the importance of the Exarchate declined as the territory under Lombard control expanded and as the Byzantine outpost of Venice became increasingly independent. Mare Adriaticum generally corresponds to the Adriatic Sea's extent, spanning from the Gulf of Venice to the Strait of Otranto. [115] The Isole Tremiti reserve has been protected since 1989, while the Tremiti islands themselves are part of the Gargano National Park. The area encompasses 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) of coastline near the Miramare promontory in the Gulf of Trieste. In 2008, INA produced 14.58 million BOE per day of gas. The most common species are Cymodocea nodosa and Zostera noltii, while Zostera marina and Posidonia oceanica are comparatively rare. [112], All countries along the Adriatic coast, except Albania and Bosnia–Herzegovina, take part in the Blue Flag beach certification programme (of the Foundation for Environmental Education), for beaches and marinas meeting strict quality standards including environmental protection, water quality, safety and services criteria. [253] Turtles and common bottlenose dolphins are also being killed by fishing nets. [206] The Congress of Vienna also created the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia which encompassed the city of Venice, the surrounding coast and a substantial hinterland, and was controlled by Austria. The depleted fish stock, and Croatia's Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone (ZERP) contributed to accusations of overfishing exchanged between Italian and Croatian fishermen. The last produces significant temperature variations between the sea and the hinterland, which leads to the creation of local jets. During the campaign, the Royal Navy occupied Vis and established its base there in Port St. The Adriatic Sea sits on the Apulian or Adriatic Microplate, which separated from the African Plate in the Mesozoic era. (For instance, approximately 500 years are necessary to exchange all the Black Sea's water.) [92] There are smaller eastern Adriatic alluvial coasts—in the deltas of the Dragonja,[93] Bojana and Neretva rivers. de mer. Sea ice and … [289] These gas and oil reserves are part of the Po basin Province of Northern Italy and the Northern Mediterranean Sea. [215] In 1918, the Montenegrin national assembly voted to unite with the Kingdom of Serbia, giving the latter access to the Adriatic. [38] Finally, Venice is increasingly vulnerable to flooding due to coastal area soil subsidence. In Serbo-Croatian and Slovene, the sea is often referred to as simply Jadran. [233][234], Italy and Yugoslavia defined their Adriatic continental shelf delimitation in 1968,[235] with an additional agreement signed in 1975 on the Gulf of Trieste boundary, following the Treaty of Osimo. océanique. Temperature and salinity were measured with a CTD system (Neil Brown, General Oceanics Inc., or Sea Bird, Electronics Inc., Washington, USA) at each zooplankton sampling site. [248] In 2003, 28.8% of Italian fisheries production volume was generated in the Northern and central Adriatic, and 24.5% in Apulia (from the Southern Adriatic and Ionian Sea). [82] Most of the eastern coast is characterised by a karst topography, developed from the Adriatic Carbonate Platform's exposure to weathering. [154] Future pollution hazards are addressed and pollution hotspots are assessed not only by nations in the basin but also through regional projects with World Bank support. Fish population analysis. [208], The process of Italian unification culminated in the Second Italian War of Independence, resulting in the Kingdom of Sardinia annexing all territories along the western Adriatic coast south of Venetia in 1860, and the 1861 establishment of the Kingdom of Italy in its place. [54] The Adriatic's salinity variation over the year is likewise distinct:[51] it ranges between 38 and 39 PSUs. The very large schools consisted mainly of little tunny and moved as far as the Gulf of Trieste. The Kingdom of Italy expanded in 1866: it annexed Venetia,[209] but its navy was defeated in the Adriatic near Vis. Most of the eastern shore of the Adriatic was part of Dalmatia, except for the southernmost portion, part of the province of Macedonia, and the peninsula of Istria on the northern part of the eastern shore; Istria contained the important Roman colony at Pula and was incorporated into the province of Italy. [237] The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea defines the Adriatic Sea as an enclosed or semi-enclosed sea. [112], The Adriatic Sea ecosystem is threatened by excessive input of nutrients through drainage from agricultural land and wastewater flowing from cities; this includes both along its coast and from rivers draining into the sea—especially from the Po River. Entre novembre et mai, la témpérature de l'eau est inférieure à 20°. In the Eocene and early Oligocene, the plate moved north and north-east, contributing to the Alpine orogeny (along with the African and Eurasian Plates' movements) via the tectonic uplift of the Dinarides and Alps. It contributes to the flow of bottom water from the Adriatic to the Levantine Basin through the Ionian Sea. [189] Still, the 1381 Treaty of Turin that ended the war required Venice to renounce claims to Dalmatia, after losing the territory to Hungary in 1358. [237] The depleted stocks of fish are being addressed through a new proposed EU fisheries policy that was scheduled to take effect in 2013, when Croatia acceded to the EU,[254] and restore the stocks to sustainable levels by 2015. The benchmark was subsequently retained by Austria, adopted by Yugoslavia, and retained by the states that emerged after its dissolution. The 170-metre (560 ft) deep Palagruža Sill is south of the Middle Adriatic Pit, separating it from the 1,200-metre (3,900 ft) deep South Adriatic Pit and the Middle Adriatic basin from the South Adriatic Basin. [256], In 2007, Croatia's production in live weight reached 53,083 tonnes (52,245 long tons). [221], During World War II, the Adriatic saw only limited naval action, starting with the Italian invasion of Albania and the joint Axis invasion of Yugoslavia. Nous relevons la température de l'eau quotidiennement dans ces pays et nous l'archivons afin de pouvoir calculer les moyennes mensuelles, notamment celles du mois de août. Depuis Bellaria Igea Marina jusqu’à Cattolica, la région compte 40 kilomètres de côtes sur les 800 kilomètres de côte dans son ensemble. [54], According to the Köppen climate classification, the upper half of the Adriatic is classified as humid subtropical climate (Cfa), with wetter summers and colder and drier winters, and the southern Adriatic are classified as hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa). [145] Since 2006, Italy has been considering the construction of an offshore and an onshore LNG terminal in the Gulf of Trieste, as well as a pipeline, in the immediate vicinity of the Slovenian–Italian border. Tidal movements in the Adriatic are slight, although larger amplitudes are known to occur occasionally. [109], The Northern Adriatic in particular is rich in endemic fish fauna. [75] In the Middle Adriatic Basin, there is evidence of Permian volcanism in the area of Komiža on the island of Vis and the volcanic islands of Jabuka and Brusnik. La différence entre l'âge 14 C des foraminifères présents dans cette couche et celui des dépôts de charbon d'origine continentale qui y sont associés (ou avec l'âge … [83], The largest part of the eastern coast consists of carbonate rocks, while flysch (a particular type of sedimentary rock) is significantly represented in the Gulf of Trieste coast, especially along Slovenia's coast where the 80-metre (260 ft) Strunjan cliff—the highest cliff on the entire Adriatic and the only one of its type on the eastern Adriatic coast—is located,[84] on the Kvarner Gulf coast opposite Krk, and in Dalmatia north of Split.