[81] The International Association of Genocide Scholars places the death toll at "more than a million". Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. Especially the watermelons in Armenia and neighboring countries with similar altitude and climate are of superior taste. km (11,484 sq mi) in Eurasia's South Caucasus region. Primary and secondary education in Armenia is free, and completion of secondary school is compulsory. In alphabetical order, these provinces are: Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark’unik’, Kotayk’, Lorri, Shirak, Syunik’, Tavush, Vayots’Dzor and Yerevan. However, the low humidity level mitigates the effect of high temperatures. Take another US$20 to hire a car for the day to visit the surrounding historical sites. The food is generally safe, even from the roadside khorovats stands. The GDP fell nearly 60% between 1989 and 1993, but then resumed robust growth after the power plant was reopened in 1995. It also hosts the Pan-Armenian Games. Rivers flow fast down through the mountains, and although much of Armenia's land remains at or above 6,562 ft (2,000 m) at least 3% form the valleys of the Araks and Debet rivers. Cinema in Armenia was born on 16 April 1923, when the Armenian State Committee of Cinema was established by a decree of the Soviet Armenian government. [140][141], Armenia ranks 54th in the 2017 report The Human Freedom Index (with data from 2016) published by Canada's Fraser Institute. Dit was in een periode waarin de Amerikaanse ontwerpstudies zich ook richtten op meer beweeglijkheid, zoals gemerkt tijdens de Vietnamoorlog. Smaller nations that have claimed a prior official adoption of Christianity include, Ագաթանգեղոս §§ 13 (ի Հայաստան աշխարհէս), 16 (Հայաստան աշխարհիս 2x, ի Հայաստան աշխարհիս), 35 (Հայաստան աշխարհին), 160 (Հայաստան աշխարհիս), 249 (Հայաստան աշխարհիս), 715 (Հայաստան աշխարհիս), 776 (Հայաստան աշխարհին), 784 (Հայաստան աշխարհին), 796 (ի մէջ Հայաստան աշխարհի), 808 (հասանէին ի Հայաստան աշխարհն)։, Փաւստոս Բուզանդ 1883=1984, էջ 1 (Հայաստան աշխարհին), Փաւստոս Բուզանդ 1883=1984, 4.բ, էջ 56 (Հայաստան երկրին), 904=1985, էջ 2 (Հայաստան աշխարհիս), 110 (կանայս ի Հայաստան աշխարհիս), Կորիւն 1994, էջ 83 (Հայաստան աշխարհի), 93 (Հայաստան աշխարհին), 103 (ի Հայաստան աշխարհին), 120 (ի Հայաստան աշխարհէս), ժը (սեռ. There is daily modern bus service to Yerevan available from Tehran or Tabriz for about US$50-60; check travel agencies for that. At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Armen Nazaryan won the gold in the Men's Greco-Roman Flyweight (52 kg) category and Armen Mkrtchyan won the silver in Men's Freestyle Paperweight (48 kg) category, securing Armenia's first two medals in its Olympic history. In addition, the effects of the 1988 Spitak earthquake, which killed more than 25,000 people and made 500,000 homeless, are still being felt. Ararat (Armenie: Արարատ; umwhile, Davalu) is a ceety in Armenie in the province o Ararat, aboot 42 km sooth-east o Yerevan.. Prices are reasonable and start at about US$10 per day for a cottage with electricity and within walking distance from Lake Sevan. They are best known for their series of scholarly publications of ancient Armenian versions of otherwise lost ancient Greek texts. In January 2002, the European Parliament noted that Armenia may enter the EU in the future. $9.3 million has been invested in the resort town of Tsaghkadzor to improve the winter sports infrastructure because of dismal performances at recent winter sports events. Every year more than 5100 Armenians are killed by tobacco-caused disease. 553 people follow this. Armenia competed internationally as part of the USSR national football team until the Armenian national football team was formed in 1992 after the split of the Soviet Union. The republic had developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy. Yerevan has several bus interchange stations that serve the whole country, so depending on where you want to go, you should find out which bus interchange station services the area of your destination. Do not miss trying milk products. Ul founded Armenia; and Gather the Bactrians; and Mesa the Mesaneans; it is now called Charax Spasini. There are large sections for old carpets, intricate wood carvings and backgammon boards, paintings, souvenirs, old porcelain and old housewares, with smaller sections for needlework and embroidery, stone work, books, military surplus and countless other random things. The war was a success for the Karabakh Armenian forces who managed to capture 16% of Azerbaijan's internationally recognised territory including Nagorno-Karabakh itself. Show up in a village without a penny, and food and a place to stay will flow - along with drinks and endless toasts. [167], In the early 1990s, Armenia made substantial changes to the centralised and regimented Soviet system. The First Republic's short-lived independence was fraught with war, territorial disputes, and a mass influx of refugees from Ottoman Armenia, bringing with them disease and starvation. The Armenia-EU Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) was signed on 24 November 2017. Most main roads around Yerevan are in decent to fair shape with some being in unusually good condition. The Constitution of Armenia guarantees freedom of speech and Armenia ranks 78th in the 2015 Press Freedom Index report compiled by Reporters Without Borders, between Lesotho and Sierra Leone. The temperature fluctuates between 22 and 36 °C (72 and 97 °F). Most shops and restaurants are open every day and offices and schools are open Monday to Saturday. [206], Frequent attacks on journalists of non-state sponsored media is a serious threat to Armenia's press freedom. When you travel north (Dilidjan) or south (Jermuk), roads are less maintained and rather bumpy and you can feel it especially when using public transport! The Book of Jubilees 9:5 from The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament. պայքարել գոյության struggle for existence. On 13 April 2013, the Armenian government announced a change in law to allow freedom of panorama for 3D works of art.[208]. Tab and spring water is available virtually everywhere, especially at churches and monasteries. Brief information", "Constitution of the Republic of Armenia - Library - The President of the Republic of Armenia", https://www.armstat.am/en/?nid=12&id=19001&submit=Search, "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018", "GINI index (World Bank estimate) - Armenia", Timeline of official adoptions of Christianity, "Linguistic supplement to Damgaard et al. The border is not busy at all, so when hitching, you have to mainly stick with the truck drivers and Russian or Farsi helps a lot here. Its roots go back to the 1st century AD, when it was founded by two of Jesus' twelve apostles – Thaddaeus and Bartholomew – who preached Christianity in Armenia between AD 40–60. If you decide to rent a car, there are a growing number of car rental companies, including Enterprise Rent-A-Car, Alamo, National and others throughout the central Yerevan. [97], As it enters the 21st century, Armenia faces many hardships. The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. [109], Despite the availability of abundant renewable energy sources in Armenia (especially hydroelectric and wind power) and calls from EU officials to shut down the nuclear power plant at Metsamor,[110] the Armenian Government is exploring the possibilities of installing new small modular nuclear reactors. At Yerevan airport, there is currency exchange and an ATM located before customs and immigration. Jubilees 8:21 also apportions the Mountains of Ararat to Shem, which Jubilees 9:5 expounds to be apportioned to Aram. The issue of the Armenian Genocide, in which up to one and a half-million Armenians were killed by the Young Turk government during World War One, is still denied by Turkey. The events of 1915 to 1917 are regarded by Armenians and the vast majority of Western historians to have been state-sponsored mass killings, or genocide. Hij heeft een topsnelheid van ten minste mach 2,83, met een maximum van Mach 3,2, maar vliegen op deze snelheid beschadigt de motoren. Loans to Armenia since 1993 exceed $1.1 billion. On 21 September 1991, Armenia officially declared its statehood after the failed August coup in Moscow, RSFSR. [46], According to the story of Hayk, the legendary founder of Armenia, around 2107 BC Hayk fought against Belus, the Babylonian God of War, at Çavuştepe along the Engil river to establish the very first Armenian state. Under the Bagratuni dynasty, the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia was restored in the 9th century. The war was won militarily, but no diplomatic solution was reached. Because of this, the mountain is present on the Armenian national emblem today.[104][105][106]. [151] This increase in the importance of agriculture was attributable to food security needs of the population in the face of uncertainty during the first phases of transition and the collapse of the non-agricultural sectors of the economy in the early 1990s. Armenia is a developing country and ranks 81st on the Human Development Index (2018). Clarendon Press", "Charles, R.H. (1913). Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Armenian diaspora and influenced by Continental European (especially French) pop music, the Armenian pop music genre grew to fame in the 1960s and 1970s with artists such as Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian performing to the Armenian diaspora and Armenia; also with artists such as Sirusho, performing pop music combined with Armenian folk music in today's entertainment industry. This means they use double as much biocapacity as Armenia contains. As a country in transition, Armenia's media system is under transformation. Religion in ancient Armenia was historically related to a set of beliefs that, in Persia, led to the emergence of Zoroastrianism. The Byzantine governor of the palace gave them shelter where the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was eventually established on 6 January 1198 under Leo I, King of Armenia, a descendant of Prince Ruben. All of these networks are rapidly growing and expanding their coverage of both 2G and 3G services. International calling is available through prepaid mobile phone cards using a landline. [116] To this day, Armenia's borders with Turkey and Azerbaijan are under severe blockade. The mountain passes, valleys and canyons make it feel much larger, and Lake Sevan provides a welcome sight, with endless water visible from its southern shores. [79][80] According to the research conducted by Arnold J. Toynbee, an estimated 600,000 Armenians died during deportation from 1915–16. The Constitutional Court made references to the preamble of the protocols underlying three main issues. From Goris you can go onwards to Tatev, the Iranian border or up to Nagorno-Karabakh. [96] Since then, Armenia and Azerbaijan have held peace talks, mediated by the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). By 1920, the state was incorporated into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and in 1922 became a founding member of the Soviet Union. The Ministry of Defence is in charge of political leadership, headed by Davit Tonoyan, while military command remains in the hands of the general staff, headed by the Chief of Staff, who is Lieutenant-General Onik Gasparyan. The predominant religion in the world's first Christian nation is not hard to guess: 97% of Armenia's population belongs to the Armenian Apostolic Church, an Oriental Orthodox Church. These e-Visas are processed completely online and take up to two business days to be issued. The Seljuk Empire soon started to collapse. Thanks for the beautiful surprise!!! Fragile states index since its first report in 2006 until most recent in 2019 consistently ranked Armenia better than all its neighboring countries (with one exception in 2011).[113]. According to a 2013 survey, 95% of Armenians said they had some knowledge of Russian (24% advanced, 59% intermediate) compared to 40% who said they knew some English (4% advanced, 16% intermediate and 20% beginner). Some heritage sights sit in beautiful valleys. This article is about the country. This style preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia, and many artists also played the contemporary popular songs of Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries from which the Armenians emigrated. As a result, Armenia is running a biocapacity deficit.[153]. Prices are 100 dram/km, and often taxi drivers will just point to the km counter, meaning they will multiply the final km with 100. [164][165], Research spending is low in Armenia, averaging 0.25% of GDP over 2010–2013. A slightly more expensive option (officially at least) is the e-Visa (US$10 for 21 days; US$40 for 120 days). Now located in Turkey, but clearly visible from Armenia, it is regarded by the Armenians as a symbol of their land. The highest point is Mt. Both date back to the 10th century. [36] These connections are inconclusive as it is not known what languages were spoken in these kingdoms. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, Inc., 2008. Razmik Panossian, The Armenians: From Kings And Priests to Merchants And Commissars, Rafael Ishkhanyan, "Illustrated History of Armenia," Yerevan, 1989, De Mieroop, Marc Van. The church, which was limited during the secretaryhood of Stalin, was revived when Catholicos Vazgen I assumed the duties of his office in 1955. The new government in Istanbul began to look on the Armenians with distrust and suspicion, because the Imperial Russian Army contained a contingent of Armenian volunteers. In 1935, it wis incorporatit wi the veelage o Davalu.In 1939 the toun o Ararat wis offeecially established. French bakery type eateries and wine bars are typically non-smoking havens. The National Art Gallery in Yerevan has more than 16,000 works that date back to the Middle Ages, which indicate Armenia's rich tales and stories of the times. Armenia is a landlocked country in the geopolitical Transcaucasus (South Caucasus) region, that is located in the Southern Caucasus Mountains and their lowlands between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea, and northeast of the Armenian Highlands. [166], The government is focusing its support on selected industrial sectors. To Claudia!!! If you are dining with Armenians, they will feed you until you cannot eat any more. Près de 90 % du territoire se situe à plus de mille mètres d'altitude. The apricot is the national fruit. Armenia supports the de facto independent Artsakh, which was proclaimed in 1991. The average altitude is 5,900 feet (1,800 metres) above sea level.There are no lowlands: half the territory lies at altitudes of 3,300 to 6,600 feet; only about one-tenth lies below the 3,300-foot mark. It is possible to drive to Armenia via Iran or Georgia. Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music. For other uses, see, "Hayastan" and "Hayasdan" redirect here. Further firefights between Armenian militiamen and Soviet troops occurred in Sovetashen, near the capital and resulted in the deaths of over 26 people, mostly Armenians. However, the statistical record of research expenditure is incomplete, as expenditure by privately owned business enterprises is not surveyed in Armenia. Mobile phone numbers have two digit mobile prefixes denoting the original network and all begin with a 9 (Nagorno-Karabakh mobile networks that used to start with a 7 have now been re-numbered to 97). It has many lovely hotels and is popular year round. Human rights in Armenia tend to be better than those in most former Soviet republics and have drawn closer to acceptable standards, especially economically. Many restaurants have begun to charge a 10 % “service fee” which they usually do not share with the waiters, and it is not clear for what it is used. Last edited on 28 September 2020, at 00:36, Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, first geographical entity that was called Armenia, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Armenian intellectuals were arrested by Ottoman authorities, International Association of Genocide Scholars, Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, History of Armenia § Independent Armenia (1991-today), Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, Armenia-EU Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement, Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, National Polytechnic University of Armenia, "The ethnic minorities in Armenia. Any other entrance into Nagorno-Karabakh, e.g. These events are traditionally commemorated yearly on 24 April, the Armenian Martyr Day, or the Day of the Armenian Genocide. In 1967, a memorial to the victims of the Armenian Genocide was built at the Tsitsernakaberd hill above the Hrazdan gorge in Yerevan. On 17 March 1991, Armenia, along with the Baltic states, Georgia and Moldova, boycotted a nationwide referendum in which 78% of all voters voted for the retention of the Soviet Union in a reformed form.[93]. The Next 10 Countries: The World's Most Likely New Nations, 21 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 321 B.C. On 24 April 1915, Armenian intellectuals were arrested by Ottoman authorities and, with the Tehcir Law (29 May 1915), eventually a large proportion of Armenians living in Anatolia perished in what has become known as the Armenian Genocide. One can still try to enter/leave the train though and ticket inspectors may allow this. The latter group, the Armenian Catholic Church, is headquartered in Bzoummar, Lebanon. The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription (515 BC) as Armina (         ). Vluchten van de Amerikaanse Lockheed U-2 eind jaren 50 toonden de behoefte aan van een onderscheppingsvliegtuig dat hoger kon vliegen dan de tot dan toe beschikbare vliegtuigen. The dram is accepted everywhere, and in some rare cases US dollars will be accepted for larger purchases - though the dram is the only legal currency for commerce. Continued progress will depend on the ability of the government to strengthen its macroeconomic management, including increasing revenue collection, improving the investment climate, and making strides against corruption. [citation needed], Due to its position between two unfriendly neighbours, Armenia has close security ties with Russia. Son point culminant historique est le mont Ararat et ses 5 160 mètres jusqu'en 1918 ; depuis, le mont Ararat se trouve en Turquie.Le point culminant actuel est le mont Aragats et ses … [citation needed] Despite this, Armenia has also been looking toward Euro-Atlantic structures in recent years. Armenia is divided into ten provinces (marzer, singular marz), with the city (kaghak) of Yerevan (Երևան) having special administrative status as the country's capital. In the post-Genocide Armenian community of the United States, the so-called "kef" style Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments, was popular. JAOS 80, 1960, 301-17. Do . 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Marshrutkas pass through Ninotsminda, so it is possible to jump on there. Dashnaktsutyun members also formed Armenian fedayi groups that defended Armenian civilians through armed resistance. De subsonische strategische bommenwerpers Boeing B-47 Stratojet en Boeing B-52 Stratofortress werden gevolgd door de supersonische Convair B-58 Hustler, met de nog snellere North American B-70 Valkyrie nog op de tekentafels. As of 2007[update], Armenia includes 915 communities, of which 49 are considered urban and 866 are considered rural. Tensions were running high between Armenians and Azerbaijanis during the final years of the Soviet Union. Since the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Armenia has participated as an independent nation. Improve the management system for science and technology and create the requisite conditions for sustainable development; Involve more young, talented people in education and research, while upgrading research infrastructure; Create the requisite conditions for the development of an integrated national innovation system; and. Current weather in Yerevan and forecast for today, tomorrow, and next 14 days However, unemployment, which was 18.5% in 2015,[156] still remains a major problem due to the influx of thousands of refugees from the Karabakh conflict.